Electric elevator



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-8heet 1'.

A. L. DUWELIUS.

ELEOTRIG ELEVATOR.

N0 595.874 Patented Dec. 21,1897.

6 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

A.- L. DUWELIUS.

ELECTRIC ELEVATOR.

Patented Dec. 21,1897.

(No Model.)- 6 Sh e etsSh eet 3.

- A. L. DUWELIUS.

ELECTRIC ELEVATOR. No. 595,874. Patented Dem-21, 1897.

(No Model.) 6 S116tS-Sh66t 4.v A L. DUWELIUSi ELEGTRIG ELEVATORPatentedDeo. 21, 1897.

(No ModelL) v 6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

A. L. DUWELI-US, ELECTRIC ELEVATOR. No. 595,874. Patented Dec. 21,1897.

T ucnms PETERS my. PHDTOUTHO..WA5NINGTON a c UNirn STATES ATENT FFICE.

AUGUSTUS L. DUWELIUS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

ELECTRIC ELEVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,874, dated December21, 1897. Application filed February 18, 1892. Serial No. 421,925. (Nomodel.)

maintain the movement when once started.

This law has special significance in connection with motors ofelectrically-driven elevators. With other kinds of motive poweroverloading only prevents the starting of the engine, while with theordinaryelectric motor the effect is to burn it out and disable it. Alike effect is produced by the accidental stoppage of the elevator byobstructions in the hatchway or otherwise. To prevent awaste of currentthe motor should be energized in starting before the brake is releasedand disconnected from the line-circuit in stopping before the brake isapplied. This necessitates the construction of a switch or controllingapparatus which has the abnormal function of being first on and firstoff with rela tion to the brake. The frequent use of the switch incidentto elevator service also requires special construction to preventdeleterious arcing and sparking. When a comparatively high speed isattained, the difficulties of stopping readily and smoothly-that is,without jar or shock-and accurately with .the landings increases withthe speed. In electric elevators as generally constructedcounter-shaftin g or spur, worm, or other gearing is interposed betweenthe motor and the hoisting-cable, involving complication of parts lossof power, limitation of speed, and lack of smoothness in operation, dueto thejarring of gears.

The type of electric motor in use for elevator purposes requires instarting the manipulation of a switch to energize the field-magnet andof a rheostat to allow the rotation of the armature to generatesufficient counter electromotive force to prevent an excessive influx ofcurrent, and the consequent undue heating of the conductors, destructionof the insulation, and disabling of the motor. The manipulation of therheostat requires care,

skill, and judgment upon the part of the operator, and any failure ineither of these is likely to result disastrously. In attempts to use theordinary electric motor in a service to which it is not adapted it hasbeen the practice to allow the motor to run continuously, or to maintaina current through the field-magnet coils constantly during businesshours, or to start the motor by the use of a switch and rheostat andthen start the elevator. In stopping, the manipulation is in the reverseorder, leaving the current on until after the cab has stopped andinvolving an element of uncertainty as to the cutting off of thecurrent. These methods entail a waste of electric current and loss oftime and interfere with the practical operation of the elevator. Toprotect the motors employed in this service recourse is had to theinsertion in the line-circuit of a section of fusible wire, theduplication of which is a matter of extreme uncertainty, as it isnecessarily destroyed in testing, and it does not furnish the absoluteprotection required. When by chance of .the proper size to protect themotor, its fusing requires the substitution of another, the ole-- vatorin the meantime being disabled. To avoid the inconvenience and annoyanceof frequent substitution of fuses the tendency is to use large fuses,the result of which is that it has become an aphorism that afuseprotected motor eventually burns out in this service.

One portion of my invention relates more specifically to the type ofelevators known as sheave-driven, in which the poweriis transmitted tothe hoisting-cable through its ongagement with a portion of theperiphery-of a driving-sheave as distinguished from the drum-drivenelevator, in which the hoistingrope is attached to or wound about theperiphery of a winding-drum. Among the inherent advantages of the formerover the latter type may be mentioned the impossibility of unwinding thehoisting-rope faster than the car descends and the avoidance of alldanger of overrunning into the upper works. This is due to the fact thatwhen either the car or the counterweight encounter obstacles in theirdescent or reach the bottom of the hatchway the engagement between thesheave and hoisting-rope is lessened sufiiciently to As thehoisting-rope5 of the elevator-car merely involves an in- 1 crease in the length ofthe hoisting-rope,

while with thed'ru-m-driven elevator serious practical difliculties areencountered in attempts to provide drums of sufficient capacity to windand stow the long ropes incident to elevators of great range of travel.

This 1 is due to thepeculia'r conditions surrounding 1 elevatorhatchways.

Owing to the natureof the service required of elevatorropes they arecomposed of wires madeof the-softest iron obtainable andfrequentlyaunea-led during the process of drawing to insure plialoility.

'To secure the degree'of engagement between the driving sheave andhoisting-rope neeessarytotransmit the power to the elevator-car, ithasbeen the practicetoprovide the driving-sheaves with grooves having twosidesat anacute angle and resembling the letter V The *wedgingof thehoisting-rope in the "groove, if sufficiently acute, insured thetransmissionnf *the'mdtive power. The

rope employed was to pinch it out of shape, causingachange inthemolecularstructure df thetvirsjollcwecl bythe frictional weartojtheoutside'of thelrope incident to its-repeated wedgi'ng in and releasefrom the groove and its finaldestruction within so sliortaservice a'storender itsemployment in this manner both "unprofitable anddangerous.This was due to the pinchin thevgroove and the pressure resulting fromthe combined weight of theca'r with its load-and the counterweight.Attempts todispeusewith thev-grooves'and the consequent wedging andpinching of the rope by substituting elastic fillings in non-- wedginggrooves were rendered prohibitive bythe great strainon the hoisting-ropedi- 1-ectly*si1staining the weight of its-fear and counterweight. 'lnorder to obviatetIie premature tles'tructiono'f the rope and to rendertliistitherwise desirable method of transmission practically ancrcommercially successful, I'e'mployan-arrangement of the hoisting-ropeby'whic'lrthe press ure of eli gage ment' between it and the drivingsheave *and the tensile *strain of and power transmitted "to therope atthis peintrepresentbut 'a fractionof "the combined weight of the car andcounter weight, this fraction beingcapable of regulation to'keep thepressure strains and power transmission at the point of enga ement u iththe" sheave Withiirpractical workinglimitsto insure greatest longevityof the rope, the engagement being frictional as distinguished fromgripping.

- The object of my invention is to provide means for obtaining higherspeed and higher speed relatively to the motive power, means forproducing a comparatively powerful "torque or pull to overcome theinertia incident to starting an elevator, means for auto maticallyregulating and limiting the quantity of current received by the motor toprotect it from burning out and thereby reducing the possibility oferror on the part of the operator to the minimum, means for electricallyarresting the movement of the elevator without jar or shock, means forelectrically regulating the speed of an elevator moved bygr'aivitywithout the'consumption of linecurrent, means for 'brealiing theelectric circuit to protect the 'motor in the event of accident to theregulatingand limiting device, means for reconnecting the circuit by themani ulation of the shifting cable, and to provi 'e mechanism wherebythe lifting capacity of thee'leva'tor m'ay beilicreased Withoutincreasing the strain or "wear upon the cableor hearings or increasingthe'trave'l'of the'cou'nterweight. These objects I can accomplish partlyby supplying novel instrumentalities adapted 'to perform specificfunctions a'nd pa'rtly bythe combination and arrangement ofthe coactin'g parts; and'theinvention consists in theinstrumentalities andcombination andarran 'ement of instrumentalitieshereinafterdescribed-and claimed.

Inthedrawings, Figure l is a front 'view showing an elevator-'hatchway,the cage or ca b,'anelecti-i'c motoig'and. the connections between themotor'andthe cab; Fig-'2, adiagram'matic view illustrating thepower-multiplying mechanism; Fig.3,atopview of the field-coil -sectionshort-circuiting terminals; Fig.4,a'side view of the governor employedfor regulating the strengthof field; Fig.5,"a view ofthesame at rightangles to'the positidnehownin Fig/4; Fig. 6, a front View of apreterredform of circuit-breaking mechanism; Fig.7, a front view ofa'switchorcommhtator; Fig. 8, a side view of the same; Fig.9,"a diagrammaticview showing the terinitials and connections of a series motor adaptedto heconvertedinto a series dynamo oirelosedcirctiit; Fig. 10, apla'nview ofthe switc h-lcontact terminals. Fig. 11 illustrates the positionsof the'switch for starting, reveising, *andstopping the elevator. )Fig.1-2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating theelectrical connections; Fig.13, a perspective View showing the relative positions of the brakeand'sWitch.

representsthe hatchway of an elevator; 13, the cage, platform, orcar,hereinafter called the cab, and C an electric motor having ashaftc,'upo1'1whiehisa sheave orother powertransmitting device 0.

D is a cable the ends of which are repre-- sented as fastened to thesuperstructure at'a and a.

E is a counterweight provided with a sheave e, adapted to travel uponthe cable. The cable in the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 takes underasheave 1) upon the elevator-cab, over a sheave or sheaves a on thesuperstructure, under the sheave c on the motor-shaft, over a sheave orsheaves a on the superstructure, under the sheave e, which carries thecounterweight, and thence to its point of attachment.

It will be observed that with the connections illustrated in Fig. 1 themotor has a leverage of two to one in its favor. In Fig. 2 I haveillustrated the method of making the connections so applied as to givethe motor a leverage of four to one. In this instance the cable takesunder a sheave b on the cab, over a sheave a on the superstructure,under another sheave b on the cab, over sheave a under the sheave c onthe elevator-shaft, over a sheave a again under the sheave 0', over asheave or sheaves a under the sheave e on the counterweight, over asheave a on the superstructure, under another sheave e on thecounterweight, and thence to its point of attachment. It will be seenthat the counterweight and cab are rigged alike with reference to thecable. By following the same general plan the leverage of the motor maybe increased to any required extent.

' While I have illustrated the hoisting-cable with fixed points ofattachment, this is by no means essential, as the same result may beobtained in other ways. In either case the ends of the cable should beat the points where the rate of its travel is the slowest. This plan ofconstruction permits a direct engagement of the hoisting-cable with thedrum or drums on the motor-shaft, eliminates the usual interposedgearing and jarring incident thereto, avoids the great waste of powerdue to the gearing, and permits the accommodation of the speed andtorque of the motor to the required speed and power of the elevator.Instead of an auxiliary or separately-constructed rheostat orstarting-box or supplementary or additional field-coils I provide thefield-coils with sectional or short-circuitin gterminals c broughtpreferably to the top of the motor.

F is a governor consisting of a shaft f, adapted to rotate with thearmature and carrying sector-shaped weights f, illustrated as centrallypivoted, the opposite ends being of quadrant form. These weights arepivoted, preferably, to a carrier f (which may be in- Legral with theshaft) in such manner that they are free to be moved by centrifugalforce from their position of rest until their centers of mass meet at aline through their pivotal points and at right angles to the shaft. Themotion of the weights is transmitted through the medium of links f to anequalizer f mounted upon an end-thrustf guided in carrier f". Theend-thrust impinges upon and actuates a lever G, fulcrumed at g. Theweights, may be returned to their position of rest by springs f or theirequivalent. By this means I secure a relatively heavy or lowspeedgovernor, which is prompt to act at low speeds, without developingexcessive power at high speeds, as distinguished from the ordinarycentrifugal governor,which is designed to perform its functions whenattaining an excessive speed.

To one end of lever G is attached a stem 9, carrying at its free endcontact-plates g adapted to engage with the short-circuiting terminalsofthe field-coil section. When the elevator is at rest, the stemoccupies such a position as to leave the contact-plates 9 out ofengagement with the short-circuiting terminals 0 in which it ispreferably held by a spring The governor is arranged to be actuated bythe rotation of the armature of the motor, and when actuated forces thelever G and stem g outwardly. This movement brings the contact-plates ginto engagement successively with the terminals 0 of each of thefield-coil sections, thereby shortcircuitin g them and weakening thefield. The action of the governor continues to force the stem 9 outwarduntil the normal maximum speed of the motor is attained, thecontactplates being so placed that when this speed is attainedanypredetermined number of fieldcoil sections will be short-circuited.If for any reason the motor should attain a speed greater than thepredetermined maximum,the action of the governor through'the lever andthe stem draws the contact-plates still farther, thereby successivelybreaking the connection between the sh ort-circuiting terminals andincreasing the strength of the field and conse quently the counterelectromotive force and reducing the speed of the motor.' The purposeand effect of this construction is to decrease the strength of the fieldin the direct ratio of the generationof counter electromotive force inthe motor and to utilize for power purposes the current ordinarilywasted in the resistance-coils.

. H, Figs. 7 and 8, is an electric commutator or switch consisting of aseries of plates h, preferably in the form of sectors, arranged inparallel planes and constituting electric contact-terminals.

I is a rocker shaft connected with and adapted to be actuated by theshifting cable or its equivalent. Upon the rock-shaft, but separatedtherefrom by a fixed insulatingbushing h, is a carrier 72;, so mountedas to be capable of partial rotation upon the bushing. This carrier ispreferably mounted in such manner that it may be clamped to its bushingwith a greater or less degree of pressure. In the form shown it isdivided longitudinally to form a split hearing, which is made adjustableby a bolt h The pressure is rendered by an interposed spring 71 In oneend of the carrier is mounted an insulated rockingbeam hihereinaftercalled the working beam, provided at its ends with a series ofcontact-closers h, adapted to make and break electrical connectionbetween the various contact-terminals h.

Secured to and actuated by the rockershaft I is a crank-arm h adapted toengage with and actuate a crank arm h secured to the trunnion of theworking beam. In the crank-arm 77. is a slot h", taking over a pin hprojecting from the carrier 77?. It will be seen that with the parts inthe position shown in Fig. 7 the initial movement of thecontrollingcable, acting through shaft I, will move the crank-arm 71thereby moving crank-arm h and working beam 7L5. Movement of the Workingbeam in either direction brings one series of the contact-closers hiintoengagement with certain of the contact-terminals, thereby makingpredetermined electrical connections. During this initial movement thecarrier, being clamped to the bushing h with sufficient pressure to holdit against rotation until positively driven by engagement with the wallof slot h, remains stationary. After the pin h engages with the wall ofslot 71. the motion of the shaft I is imparted through crank-arm 71, andpin 71 to the carrier, the combination of electrical contacts made bythe initial movement being maintained. This permits the shifting cableto perform subsequent work, such as manipulation of the elevator-brake.The brake may be of any approved type; but I have shown a brake con-.

sisting of a friction-wheel 0 secured to the armature-shaft, a strap ctaking over the friction-wheel and secured to a lever carrying a weight0. Extending from the lever is a pin 0 adapted to ride on a cam t" onthe rock-shaft. In the position shown the motor is serving as a dynamo,having just been disconnected from the line-circuit, and to apply thebrake the rotation of the rock-shaft I must be continued in thedirection indicated by the arrow until pin 0 drops into a recess 1' inthe cam 'i; The weight 0 then depresses the lever 0 and holds the strap0 in contact with the friction-wheel 0 The reverse movement of the shaftI firstbreaks the existing electrical connections, then brings the otherseries of contact-closers into electrical connection with another set ofcontactterminals, and afterward performs the required mechanicalfunctions. In other words, the movement of the shifting cable in eitherdirection first efiects the necessary electrical combinations and thenperforms the neces sary mechanical functions.

Fig. 9 illustrates in diagrammatic form the terminals and connections ofthe motor, the terminals being numbered from 1 to 8. Fig.

' 10 shows the switch-contact terminals in plan,

the dotted lines representing possible switch connections. Fig. 11 showsin diagrammatic form the four positions of the switch serving in thisarrangement to start, stop, reverse, and stop the elevator. Fig. 12illustrates in diagrammatic form the electrical connections. In thesefigures, Lrepresents the fieldcoils, and M a rheostat adjustable in theordinary way and variable by the action of the shifting cable. Thisrheostat may be connected directly with shaft 1. The letters a, b, c,and (Z, opposite parts of Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, representcorresponding electrical conditions in the motor, switch-contacts, andposition of switch. The terminals in Figs. 10 and 12 are numbered tocorrespond with those in Fig. 9. Of these figures, 1 and 2 denote theline-terminals, 3 and 4 the field-coil terminals, 5 and 6 the armatureterminals, and 7 and 8 the terminals for making a short circuit,including the motor then serving as a dynamo. Condition a represents theelevator at rest, with the motor connected as a dynamo and disconnectedfrom the supply=circuit. Condition 27 may be taken as representing theascending movement of the elevator, the inotor being connected with thesupply-circuit. Condition c represents the reverse movement of theelevator, the motor being still connected with the supply-circuit, buthaving its armature-terminals reversed with reference to condition 27.Condition 61 represents the stopping of the elevator, thesupply-circuithaving been out out and the motor converted into a dynamodriven by the elevator on a closed circuit of greater or lessresistance. To reascend, recourse is had by means of the switch tocondition I), which corresponds with condition d, except that thearmature terminals are reversed. When it is desired to have thepreponderance of weight at all times in the elevator-cab and useelectric power only for hoisting the cab, the conditions a, b, and 01may be used, condition abeing used to regulate the descent by gravity ofthe cab, requiring it to perform work by driving the motor as a dynamoand causing it to generate current through a circuit closed on a greateror less resistance M, variable by the shifting mechanism.

J is an eccentric preferably on an extension of shaft I, adapted to beactuated by the shifting cable j, mounted over sheaves in such manner asto be operated from the cab and serving to limit the play of lever G,thereby preventing the action of the governor beyond a fixed limit andpermitting its increase by the operator and enabling him to decrease thenormal speed of the elevator.-

In Fig. 6 I have illustrated an electromagnetic circuit-breaker.

K represents a supporting-plate, a magnet, and 70' its armature. Thearmature carries a hooked contact-arm 70 adapted to engage with andnormally hold against the stress of its springa spring-actuatedcontact-arm 70 One end of the magnet-coilwire terminates in abinding-post 70 for connection with the line-circuit, while the otherend is fastened to a metallic frame k in electrical connection which isin turn connected with the bindingpost is for connection to themotor-circuit.

A spring or its equivalent is attached to the arm 10 and by means of aregulatingscrew 10 with the base of the apparatus. This spring serves tohold the hooked arm 70 against the pressure of the armature, and thedegree of magnetic force required to actuate the armature and therebydisengage the arm 10 from arm 10 may be regulated by changing thetension of the spring. The effect of this arrangement is to protect themotor by automatically breaking the supply-circuit when the supply ofcurrent tending to actuate the magnet reaches the predetermined limit tobe received by the motor and required to overcome the stress of thespring. For the purpose of reconnecting the arms k and 10 after theoperating-switch has disconnected the motor from the supply-line Iemploy a rockshaft (preferably rock-shaft I) connected with the shiftingcable and provided with a cam 2', adapted to engage with and actuate acam is", which in turn actuates a pendulum-lever 70 having a roller 10at its lower end adapted to engage with and actuate arm 10 against thestress of its spring, thereby restoring it to its normal position andreconnecting electrically the arms k and 10 The operation of theshifting cable will actuate the swinging lever whether thecircuitbreaker is set or not, and the swinging lever is preferably somounted as to cause a slight movement of the spring-pressed arm 10 uponits point of contact with arm k thereby keeping the contacts free fromany substances which might tend to impair the electrical connections.

I claim- 1. The combination with a constant-potential line-circuit of aseries motor, an electric switch adapted to disconnect the line-circuitand close an independent circuit including the armature in series with afield of variable magnetic strength, thereby converting the motor into aself-excited generator adapted to be driven by the movement of theelevator, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an electric elevator, the combination with the motor, of anelectric switch adapted to disconnect the motor from the line-circuit,and substitute connections which complete an independent circuit,including the armature in series with a field of variable magneticstrength controlled by the shifting cable or its equivalent, adapted toretard the movement of the elevator, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

movement of the shifting cable and maintain the makes or breaks duringthe continued movement of the shifting cable, substantially as and forthe purpose specified.

4. The combination in an electric elevator of a shifting cable, aconnection between the cable and a switch adapted to make or break therequired connections and a connection between the cable and theelevator-brake whereby the brake is applied after the electricalconnections are broken or released after the electrical connections aremade, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination with an electric elevator of a rock-shaft adapted tobe actuated by the shifting cable or its equivalent, a working beamintermediately connected with and adapted to be rocked by therock-shaft, a

series of plates serving as electric contactterminals, and a series ofcontact-closers at crank-arm upon the rock-shaft, a second crank-armextending from the working beam, a rocking connection between thecrank-arms, a series of plates serving as contact-terminals for theelectrical connections, a series of insulated contact-closers at eachend of the working beam adapted to make or break electrical connectionsbetween two or more contact-terminals at the initial movement of therock-shaft, and mechanism whereby the carrier engages with the crank-armof the rockshaft after the initial movement, and is moved thereby,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination with an electric elevator of a rock-shaft controlledby the shifting cable, or its equivalent, a carrier movably mounted on astationary bearing, a working beam pivotally mounted on the carrier, acrank-arm upon the rock-shaft and a second crank-arm extending from theworking beam, a rocking connection between the crank-arms, a series ofplates serving as contact-terminals for the electrical connections, aseries of insulated contact-closers at each end of the working beamadapted to make or break electrical connections between two or morecontact-terminals at the initial movement of the rockshaft, mechanismwhereby the carrier engages with the crank-arm of the rock-shaft afterthe initial movement and is moved thereby, and a connection between theshifting cable and the elevator-brake whereby the latter is actuatedduring the subsequent movement of the carrier, substantially as and forthe purpose specified.

8. The combination with an electric elevator of a rock-shaft controlledby the shifting crank-arms, a series of plates serving ascontact-terminals for the electrical connections,

a series of insulated contact-closers at each end of the working beamadapted to make or break electrical connections between two or morecontact-terminals at the initial movement of the rock-shaft, mechanismwhereby the carrier engages with the crank-arm of the rock-shaft afterthe initial movement and is moved thereby, and a connection between theshifting cable and the elevator-brake whereby the latter is actuatedduring the subsequent movement of the carrier, substantially as anduntil the armature-shaft has attained its norfor the purpose specified.

'9. The combination in an electric elevator of a rock-shaft controlledby the shifting cable, or its equivalent, a fixed insulating-b ushingsurrounding the rock-shaft, a series of plates adapted to serve aselectrical contactterminals mounted upon the bushing, 'a carrier movablymounted on the bushing, a working beam pivotally mounted on "thecarrier, one or more electrical contactclosers at each end of theworking beam, a connection between the rock-shaft and the working beamvhereby the latter may be rocked by the motion of the rock-shaft,thereby bringing one or more of the contact-closers into engagement withcontact-terminals and the carrier during the rocking motion of theworking beam, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

10. The combination in an electric jeleva'tor of a rock-shaft controlledby the shifting cab'le, 'or its equivalent, a fixed insulating-bushingsurrounding the rock-shaft, series of sector-formed plates adapted toserve as electrical contact-terminals mounted upon the bushing, acarrier movably mounted on the bushing, a working beam pivotall'ymounted on the carrier, one or moreelectrical contactclosers at each endof the working beam, a 1

connection between the rock-shaftand the working beam whereby the lattermay be rocked by the motion of the rock-shaft thereby bringing one'ormore of the'contact-cl'osers into engagement with contact-terminals andthe carrier during the rocking motion of the working beam, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified.

11. The combination with 'the'shifting ca bl'eof the rock'shaft I; theinsulating-bushing it, the plates h carried thereby, the carrier 7L2movably mounted on the bushing, the Working beam h pivotally mounted onthe carrier and carrying 'contactclos'e'rs 72 the crank-arm 721711110X!the rock-shaft, the crankarm h upon the working beam, the slot 71 andpin h ,substantially as and for the purpose specified. y

12. In an electric elevator the combination of a motor, its field-coilsprovided with sectional short-circuiting terminals, a centrifugalgovernor actuated by the rotation of the armature-shaftand adapted toelectrically connect the sectional short-circuiting terminals of thefield-coils before and until the armature-shaft shall have attained itsnormal speed, and to electrically disconnect the same when thearmature-shaft exceeds its normal speed, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

13. In an electric elevator the combination of a motor having itsfield-coils provided with short-circuiting terminals, a governoractuatedby the rotation of the armature-shaft, a lever actuatedby the governor,and contactplates actuated by the lever and adapted to electricallyconnect the sectional short-circuiti'ng terminals of the field-coilsbefore and mal speed, and to electricallydisconnect the same when thearmature shaft exceeds the normal speed, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

14:. A field-magnet governor for electric elevators consisting of ashaft, acarrier mounted thereon, 'weigh'tsof sector form pivoted to thecarrier, an end-thrust guided by the carrier, an equalizer thereon and aconnection between the equalizer and each of the weights, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified.

15. A iield magnet governorfor electric'elevatoi-s consisting of ashaft, a carrier mounted thereon, weights of double-sector form pivotedto the carrier, an end-thrust guided by the carrier, an equalizerthereon and a connection between the equalizer and each of the weights,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

16. Inan electric elevator, the field-magnet governor F, consisting ofshaft f the weights f pivotally mounted thereon, the end-thrust ftheeq'ualizerf ,thelinksf and the springs f, or theireqnivalent,combined and arranged substantially as and for the purposespecified.

IlO

1 7. In an electric elevator, the combination with line-circuitterminals, of an electric motor fo'r driving the elevator cab or cage,said motor having its field-coils and armature-coils in series with eachother, an adjustable rheostat, and circuit-controlling devices operablefrom the elevator-cage and adapted to connect the field-coils andarmature-coils in series with each other and to the line-circuitterm-inals and to cut out the rheostat, or to disconmeet the field-coilsand armature-coils 'from the line-circuit terminals and include saidfield-coils and armature-coils in series with each other and therheos'tat in an independent circuit; substantially as and for the.purpose set forth.

18. In an electric elevator, the combination with line-circuitterminals, of-an electric motor for driving the elevator cab or cage,said a motor having terminals for its field-coils, and separateterminals for its armature-coilaan ad ustable rheo'stat andcircuitcontrolling devices operable from the elevator-cage and adaptedto connect the field-coils and armature-coils in series with each otherto the linecircuit terminals, and cut out' the rheostat, or todisconnect the field-coils and armature coils from the line-circuitterminals, reverse the direction of current-flow in the armaturecoilsand include said field-coils and armature-coils in series with eachother and with the adjustable rheostat in an independent circuit;substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

19. In an electric elevator, the combination with a series motor, ofsubstantially non-retarding multiplying-rigging connecting said motor tothe elevator-cab, whereby the load imposed upon the motor during ascentis substantially that of the cab and its contents only, and an electricswitch adapted to disconnect the line-circuit and close an independentcircuit including the armature in series with a field of variablemagnetic strength, whereby the necessary retardation for the cab on itsdescent is furnished by converting the motor into a self-excitedgenerator adapted to be driven by the descent of the elevatorsubstantially as and for the purpose set forth.

20. The combination with an electric elevator-cab, of an electric motortherefor, and nonretarding'rigging between the cab and electric motor,said rigging being operated directly from the latter; substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

21. The combination in an electric elevator of an electric motor,anelectric switch adapted to break the line-circuit and close a circuit,including the motor, thereby converting the motor into a dynamo, adaptedto be driven by the movement of the elevator, with rigging adapted tomultiply the power, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

22. The combination in an electric elevator of an electric motor, anelectric switch adapted to break the line-circuit and close a circuit,including the motor, thereby converting the motor into a dynamo, adaptedto be driven by the movement of the elevator, with a hoisting-cable anda counterweight carried thereby, and arranged to travel relativelythereto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

23. The combination in an electric elevator of an electric motor, anelectric switch adapted to break the line-circuit and close a circuit,including the motor, thereby converting the motor into a dynamo, adaptedto be driven by the movement of the elevator with a hoistingcableengaging with a sheave or other powertransmitting device on themotor-shaft, and taking under a sheave on the cab, and a counterweightcarried by the cable and traveling relatively thereto, substantially asspecified.

24. The combination in an electric elevator of an electric motor, anelectric switch adapted to break the line-circuit and close a circuit,including the motor, thereby converting the motor into a dynamo, adaptedto be driven by the movement of the elevator, with a motor- -to breakthe line-circuit and close a circuit,

including the motor, thereby converting the motor into a dynamo, adaptedto be driven by the movement of the elevator, with a sheave or otherpower-transmitting device, two or more sheaves on the cab, acounterweight provided with two or more sheaves and a hoistin g-cablearranged to engage the transmitting device on the motor-shaft and toengage the sheaves on the cab and counterweight, substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

26. The combination with an electric elevator of an electromagneticcircuit breaker adapted to break the line-circuit when the supply ofcurrent exceeds the predetermined limit, a swinging lever adapted toreset the switch, a rock-shaft adapted to be actuated by the shiftingcable or its equivalent, and a cam upon the rock-shaft adapted toactuate the swinging lever, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

27. The combination with an electric elevator of an electromagneticcircuit-breaker consisting of a magnet in electrical connection with theline-circuit, a contact-arm carried by the armature of the magnet, asecond contactarin electrically connected with the line-circuit andnormally in contact with the arm carried by the armature, but adapted tobe disengaged by the movement of the armature, a swinging lever adaptedto engage with the second arm and restore it to its normal position, arock-shaft adapted to be actuated by the shifting cable or itsequivalent, and a cam on the rock shaft adapted to actuate the swinginglever, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

28. The combination with an electric eleva tor of an electromagneticcircuit-breaker consisting of a magnet in electrical connection with theline-circuit, a contact-arm carried by the armature of the magnet, asecond contactarm electrically connected with the line-circuit andnormallyin contact with the arm carried by the armature, but adapted tobe disengaged by the movement of the armature, a swinging lever adaptedto engage with the second arm and restore it to its normal position, arock-shaft adapted to be actuated by the shifting cable or itsequivalent, a cam on the rock-shaft, and a cam actuated thereby adaptedto actuate the swinging lever, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

AUGUSTUS L. DUWELIUS.

WVitnesses JAMES N. RAMSEY, O. W. FIGNER.

